The visceral pleura and mesothelium (600X)

Histologically, the visceral pleura plays a crucial role in the functioning of the respiratory system by providing a smooth, protective surface for the lungs and contributing to the mechanics of breathing. It is composed of a single layer of specialized cells known as mesothelial cells. These cells are flat and form a continuous epithelial layer that serves as a protective barrier.

Beneath the mesothelial cells (the mesothelium), there is a layer of connective tissue. This tissue provides structural support to the pleura and helps anchor it to the underlying lung tissue. Nerve endings are present in the visceral pleura, contributing to the sensation of pain and discomfort associated with pleural inflammation or irritation